Bach: Compositions, children, biography and more facts about the great composer

1. When is Bach's birthday?

Born in the same year as his baroque counterpart Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach came into the world on March 21st 1685. He was born in the town of Eisenach, Germany, to Johann Ambrosius Bach and Maria Elisabeth Lammerhirt.

2. Bach's children

The image of Bach as a virile family-man is no myth - he managed to sire an astonishing 20 children in his lifetime (though they didn't all survive into adulthood).

3. Bach's family

As with many things in Bach's life, family was everything. Musicians in Bach's extended family included court musicians, teachers, composers and church organists, something that young Johann would himself grow into.

4. How do you pronounce Bach's name?

Bach's name is pronounced with a soft 'ch', as in 'loch'.

5. Bach's compositions

In his lifetime (65 years), Bach composed an incredible 1128 pieces of music. There are a further 23 works which were lost or unfinished. His best-known compositions include The Well-Tempered Clavier, Toccata and Fugue in D minor, Air on the G String, Goldberg Variations, Brandenburg Concertos and many more.

6. Musical numbers in Bach's works

Bach was fond of incorporating the numbers 14 and 41 into his musical works, because they were derived from the mystical numerology values of the letters in his own name. We're not quite sure how that ended up as 'Air on the G string', but his works are littered with references to those numbers.

7. Bach's keyboard duel with Louis Marchand

Every inch the thrusting young man, JS Bach once challenged fellow harpsichord wizard Louis Marchand to a keyboard duel in 1717. However, lily-livered Marchand proved unworthy of the challenge and fled on the day of the duel. It was said that Bach was too modest to speak of the event in his later life, and was perhaps a little ashamed to have embarrassed young Marchand.

8. Bach in prison

Career-wise, it wasn't always plain sailing for JS Bach. In fact, one of his employers was so intent on hanging on to him that he had Bach imprisoned for daring to hand in his resignation. Still, Bach made good use of the time and composed some studies for organ while he was inside.

9. The Coffee Cantata

Though he was more famous for writing sacred pieces, the occasional secular gem showed Bach to be a humorous and inventive chap. Described as a mini comic opera, 'Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht' ('Be still, stop chattering') it concerns the characters' addiction to coffee and was most likely first performed in a Leipzig coffee house.

friedemann bach picture johann sebastian son

10. Bach's music in films

Cinematic portrayals of the Bach family are few and far between, but perhaps the most interesting one comes from 1941. 'Friedemann Bach' tells the story of one of Johann Sebastian's sons' struggle to escape the creative shadow of his father. However, it takes a few factual liberties - in the film it was Friedemann who had the duel with Louis Marchand, not his father.

11. Bach's wife

Bach married his second cousin Maria in 1707. She was the mother of seven of Bach's 20 children - but only four of them made it to adulthood.

12. Bach's death

Everyone knows that Beethoven suffered with his hearing, but not so many people are aware that Bach struggled terribly with his eyesight. In fact, botched surgery on his eyes by the English ocular specialist John Taylor reportedly caused Bach's death in 1750.

13. Bach popular thanks to Mendelssohn

It seems almost bizarre to suggest that Bach was not especially popular using his lifetime, but particularly towards the end of his life he was seen as a bit of a dinosaur. It took later composers like Mendelssohn to re-popularise and re-ignite interest in Bach - Mendelssohn in particular organised an incredibly popular concert of Bach's St Matthew Passion that was credited with kick-starting Bach's posthumous career.

14. Bach's Brandenburg Concertos: a musical job application

Normally, job applications tend to involve a lot of CV-massaging and begging letters. Not for Bach, though - he wrote his Brandenburg Concertos to try and get work with Christian Ludwig, Margrave of Brandenburg. Perhaps not realising that he was dealing with one of the great musical geniuses of the time, the Margrave didn't even bother to get back in touch with Bach.

15. Bach's famous children

Four of Bach's children went on to have careers as composers - Carl Philip Emmanuel (pictured), Wilhelm Friedemann, Johann Christoph Friedrich and Johann Christian. However, none of them managed to eclipse their father in terms of popularity.

16. Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D Minor - rock classic?

One of Bach's most enduring works, his Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, has been tackled by a huge range of pop musicians in recent years. From John Williams' fusion rock band Sky covering the piece to indie rock band Muse subtly turning the main melody into a guitar riff on their song 'Plug In Baby', it seems Bach's influence stretches far and wide…